阅读、理解、评估和纠正书面资料
GMAT™文本逻辑推理部分衡量阅读和理解书面资料、推理和评估论点、纠正资料，以准确地用标准的书面英语表达观点的能力。本部分共36道多选题，总答题时间为65分钟。
文本逻辑推理部分的三类题型
文本逻辑推理部分有三类题型：阅读理解、批判性推理和句子改错。阅读理解和批判性推理题含有考查特定文本逻辑推理技巧的子题型。
答题者无需具备专业知识。
阅读理解
- 考核你理解单词和陈述、理解重点之间的逻辑关系、得出推论，并理解定性概念发展的能力。具体而言，该题型将测试以下阅读技巧：主旨、佐证思想、推理、应用、逻辑结构和风格。
- 每篇阅读理解文章均会提出问题，要求你诠释资料、从中得出推断或将资料应用至更多语境中。文章讨论的主题涵盖社会科学和人文科学、物理和生物科学，或商务相关领域。
批判性推理
- 衡量你提出论点、评估论点，及制定或评估行动计划的能力。
- 批判性推理题以阅读短文为基础，通常少于100个单词。通常，短文中会提出一个问题，询问你五个答案选项中的哪一个答案选项会对论点产生强化或削弱效果，哪一个答案选项会阐述论点存在缺陷的原因，或哪一个答案选项会对论点产生强烈支持或反对效果。
句子改错
- 衡量你的语言水平的两个主要方面。一是正确表达，是指语法和结构方面正确的句子。二是有效表达，是指句子能够有效地表达观点或关系，清晰明了、简明扼要、合乎语法。
- 每道句子改错题均会列出一个句子，其中部分或全部带有下划线。句子下方有五种表达带下划线部分的方式。注意语法、选词和句子结构，必须选择能产生最有效句子的答案。
测试你的文本逻辑推理技巧
阅读理解示例
指导
这一组的问题基于文章选段的内容。阅读文章后，选择每个问题的最佳答案。根据文章中陈述或暗示的内容，回答文章后面的所有问题。
Question
Schools expect textbooks to be a valuable source of information for students. My research suggests, however, that textbooks that address the place of Native Americans within the history of the United States distort history to suit a particular cultural value system. In some textbooks, for example, settlers are pictured as more humane, complex, skillful, and wise than Native Americans. In essence, textbooks stereotype and depreciate the numerous Native American cultures while reinforcing the attitude that the European conquest of the New World denotes the superiority of European cultures. Although textbooks evaluate Native American architecture, political systems, and homemaking, I contend that they do it from an ethnocentric, European perspective without recognizing that other perspectives are possible.
One argument against my contention asserts that, by nature, textbooks are culturally biased and that I am simply underestimating children’s ability to see through these biases. Some researchers even claim that by the time students are in high school, they know they cannot take textbooks literally. Yet substantial evidence exists to the contrary. Two researchers, for example, have conducted studies that suggest that children’s attitudes about particular cultures are strongly influenced by the textbooks used in schools. Given this, an ongoing, careful review of how school textbooks depict Native Americans is certainly warranted.
Which of the following would most logically be the topic of the paragraph immediately following the passage?
(A) Specific ways to evaluate the biases of United States history textbooks
(B) The centrality of the teacher’s role in United States history courses
(C) Nontraditional methods of teaching United States history
(D) The contributions of European immigrants to the development of the United States
(E) Ways in which parents influence children’s political attitudes
Answer: (A)
Sample Critical Reasoning Question
Directions
For this question, select the best of the answer choices given.
Question
The cost of producing radios in Country Q is ten percent less than the cost of producing radios in Country Y. Even after transportation fees and tariff charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to import radios from Country Q to Country Y than to produce radios in Country Y.
The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?
(A) Labor costs in Country Q are ten percent below those in Country Y.
(B) Importing radios from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate ten percent of the manufacturing jobs in Country Y.
(C) The tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Y.
(D) The fee for transporting a radio from Country Q to Country Y is more than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Q.
(E) It takes ten percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q than it does in Country Y.
Answer: (C)
Sample Sentence Correction Question
Directions
This question presents a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others.
This question tests correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.
Question
While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing operations, many smaller regional and community banks are finding that the cost associated with upgrading data-processing equipment and with the development and maintenance of new products and technical staff are prohibitive.
(A) cost associated with
(B) costs associated with
(C) costs arising from
(D) cost of
(E) costs of
Answer: (B)
